# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic fibers to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. SAP is crucial for preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick absorption of menstrual fluid. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for rapid fluid transfer to the absorbent core.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which provides a smooth surface and quick absorption.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is waterproof and prevents leakage.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Offers a balance between moisture protection and breathability, reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: A thermoplastic adhesive that is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: A type of adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied, commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these components can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions, so they are used with caution.

– **Fragrance**: Added to some pads to provide a pleasant scent, though fragrance-free options are also widely available.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Natural additives that can soothe the skin and reduce irritation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure comfort, absorbency, and protection. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a vital role in the overall performance of the product. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and ensures that manufacturers maintain high standards of quality and safety.